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\title{\LARGE \bf
High-level synthesis optimization combining speculative execution and SSA-based liveness analysis
}

%AUTHORS -- it is acceptable to add lines for affiliations (e.g., department).

\author{Francesca Malcotti, Christian Pilato, Fabrizio Ferrandi and Donatella Sciuto% <-this % stops a space
	\\\textit{Politecnico di Milano}%
        \\\textit{Dipartimento di Elettronica ed Informazione}
        \\\textit{Via Ponzio 34/5 - 20133 Milano (Italy)}
	\\\textit{francesca.malcotti@gmail.com \{pilato,ferrandi,sciuto\}@elet.polimi.it}
}
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%\author{ \parbox{2 in}{\centering Huibert Kwakernaak\\
%         \textit{University of Twente}\\
%         \textit{h.kwakernaak@autsubmit.com}}
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%         \parbox{2 in}{ \centering Pradeep Misra\\
%         \textit{Wright State University}\\
%         \textit{pmisra@cs.wright.edu}}
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\begin{abstract}

In this paper we present a novel approach to the register problem in high-level synthesis. In particular, we propose an innovative approach to the liveness analysis phase based on the state transition graph. To simplify this usual time-consuming step, we exploit the single-static assignment form (SSA) for intermediate representation. We will show how this methodology is able to reach good results with respect to common approaches to the same problem without significant execution time overhead. We will also show how this methodology is able to deal with control-intensive design and, in particular, with speculative execution to reduce the global memory elements. Finally, we will introduce a simple heuristic to bind the variables to the allocated registers in order to reduce as much as possible the number of interconnection elements to be inserted in the final design. We compared the obtained results with a publicly available high-level synthesis framework and we obtained very promising results.

\end{abstract}


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\section{Introduction}

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% %  even at the beginning of a sentence.
% %Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion.
% %Try to use words rather then symbols. As an example write the quantity ``Inductance",
% % or ``Inductance L'', not just.
% % Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units.
% % In the example, write ``Inductance (mH)'', or ``Inductance L (mH)'', not just ``mH''.
% % Do not label axes with the ratio of quantities and units.
% % For example, write ``Temperature (K)'', not ``Temperature/K''.
% %
% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% \section{Acknowledgments}
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% The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of National Research Organization and reviewers' comments.
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%\begin{thebibliography}{99}
%
%\bibitem{c1}
%J.G.F. Francis, The QR Transformation I, {\it Comput. J.}, vol. 4, 1961, pp 265-271.
%
%\bibitem{c2}
%H. Kwakernaak and R. Sivan, {\it Modern Signals and Systems}, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ; 1991.
%
%\bibitem{c3}
%D. Boley and R. Maier, "A Parallel QR Algorithm for the Non-Symmetric Eigenvalue Algorithm", {\it in Third SIAM Conference on Applied Linear Algebra}, Madison, WI, 1988, pp. A20.
%
%\end{thebibliography}

\end{document}
